Best VPNs for Linux
Short Answer
The Best VPN for Linux overall is NordVPN. It offers a premium, independently audited no-logs service with a robust, open-source Command Line Interface (CLI) app for full system control, and supports its proprietary, high-speed WireGuard implementation, NordLynx, across major distributions like Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, and Arch. For users prioritizing a full-featured Graphical User Interface (GUI), Surfshark and Private Internet Access (PIA) are strong alternatives, providing a familiar desktop experience on Linux.
Table of Contents
Short Answer
Why a Dedicated Linux VPN Matters (Beyond Manual Setup)
The Core Criteria: What Makes a VPN Truly Linux-Friendly
The 10 Best VPNs for Linux: Full Reviews and In-Depth Analysis
NordVPN: Best Overall (Speed & Security via CLI)
Surfshark: Best for Beginners & Value (Full GUI Support)
ExpressVPN: Most User-Friendly CLI & Proven Reliability
Private Internet Access (PIA): Best Open-Source App & Customization
Proton VPN: Best Free Tier & Privacy Focus (Swiss Base)
Mullvad VPN: The Anonymity Champion for Purists
CyberGhost: Best for Server Network Scale and Dedicated IPs
IPVanish: Best for Simultaneous Connections and P2P
PureVPN: Best for Audited Security and Jurisdiction
PrivateVPN: Best for Global Streaming and Simple CLI
GUI vs. CLI: Decoding the Linux VPN Application
When to Choose a GUI App
Mastering the CLI: Essential Commands (e.g., nordvpn connect, piactl)
Protocol Deep Dive: WireGuard vs. OpenVPN on Linux
Performance, Simplicity, and Security Trade-offs
Specific Implementations (NordLynx, Lightway)
Linux Distro Compatibility and Installation Guides
Ubuntu/Debian (using .deb packages and apt)
Fedora/CentOS (using .rpm packages and dnf/yum)
Arch/Manjaro (manual or AUR packages)
Advanced Linux VPN Features Explained
The Kill Switch on Linux (Application vs. System-Level)
Split Tunneling and its Limitations
DNS Leak Protection and Testing on Linux
Beyond the Desktop: VPN on a Linux Router (FlashRouter)
A Note on Free Linux VPNs: The Security Trade-off
Conclusion & Final Recommendation
Methodology: How We Tested VPNs on Linux
2. Why a Dedicated Linux VPN Matters (Beyond Manual Setup)
Linux users are often the most technically proficient, leading to a misconception that any VPN can be “made to work” via a manual OpenVPN or WireGuard configuration. While this is true, relying solely on manual configuration comes with significant drawbacks:
Lack of Native Kill Switch: Manual setups often lack a system-level kill switch, leaving your IP exposed if the VPN connection drops unexpectedly—a critical security failure for privacy-conscious users.
Feature Gaps: Advanced features like multi-hop (Double VPN), dedicated streaming servers, or built-in ad/malware blockers are rarely available in manual setups; they require the provider’s custom software.
Ease of Use & Speed: Managing multiple server connections via the terminal or Network Manager is cumbersome. Native apps (especially those supporting WireGuard) offer quicker connection times and superior speed management.
Protocol Implementation: Providers optimize their proprietary protocols (like NordLynx or Lightway) within their native apps, often yielding speeds far greater than generic OpenVPN setups.
A best VPN for Linux provides a dedicated, full-featured client, which is a testament to the provider’s commitment to the platform and a sign of a superior, more secure user experience.
3. The Core Criteria: What Makes a VPN Truly Linux-Friendly
For this review, we moved beyond basic compatibility and focused on a set of criteria essential to the technical Linux user:
| Feature | Linux-Specific Requirement |
| Native Client (GUI/CLI) | Must offer an easy-to-install package (.deb, .rpm, or Snap/Flatpak). Preference for a full, stable GUI or a powerful, well-documented CLI. |
| Kill Switch Reliability | Must be a true, system-level kill switch integrated into the client, not a simple routing script. Independently verified. |
| WireGuard Support | Support for the WireGuard protocol for superior speeds and reduced code base. Ideally, a proprietary, audited implementation. |
| Privacy & Logging Policy | Independently audited no-logs policy. Based in a privacy-respecting jurisdiction (outside the 5/9/14 Eyes alliances). |
| Distro Compatibility | Official support for major distributions (Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, Arch). Not just generic OpenVPN files. |
| Open Source | Open-source client is highly desirable for the Linux user community for transparency and security auditing. |
| Speed & Server Network | High speed retention rate and a large, geographically diverse server network. |
4. The 10 Best VPNs for Linux: Full Reviews and In-Depth Analysis
1. NordVPN: Best Overall (Speed & Security via CLI)
NordVPN maintains its position as the top choice due to its commitment to Linux users, blending security and unmatched speed through its custom protocol.
Linux Client: Dedicated, open-source Command Line Interface (CLI) app. Installation is streamlined via
.deband.rpmpackages for Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, and others.Protocol on Linux: Features NordLynx, NordVPN’s WireGuard-based protocol. This implementation addresses WireGuard’s inherent IP handling concerns by using a double Network Address Translation (NAT) system, guaranteeing a higher level of privacy than a default WireGuard setup.
Security: Audited no-logs policy, Onion over VPN, and Double VPN features all accessible via the CLI. The kill switch is robust and consistently reliable on Linux.
Ease of Use: While CLI-only, the commands are intuitive (
nordvpn connect [country],nordvpn settings, etc.) and the official documentation is excellent.Server Network: A massive network of over 6,000 servers in 61 countries, providing excellent connection options globally.
Verdict: The gold standard for experienced Linux users who prefer an efficient, fast CLI and prioritize audited security and proprietary speed technology.
2. Surfshark: Best for Beginners & Value (Full GUI Support)
Surfshark stands out as one of the few top-tier VPNs to offer a native, fully-featured Graphical User Interface (GUI) application for Linux, making it the most accessible choice for new users.
Linux Client: Offers both a GUI application (primarily for Ubuntu/Debian) and a CLI tool for more advanced users or other distros. The GUI eliminates the need for any terminal interaction.
Protocol on Linux: Supports both OpenVPN and the high-speed WireGuard protocol on its Linux apps.
Value: One subscription covers unlimited devices, a massive advantage for a Linux enthusiast with multiple machines (desktop, laptop, Raspberry Pi).
Features: The GUI includes features typically reserved for Windows/Mac clients, such as CleanWeb (ad/malware blocker) and MultiHop (Double VPN).
Privacy: Based in the Netherlands, a privacy-friendly jurisdiction, with an audited no-logs policy.
Verdict: The definitive choice for Linux beginners or any user who simply wants the familiar, zero-hassle experience of a desktop application on Ubuntu or Debian.
3. ExpressVPN: Most User-Friendly CLI & Proven Reliability
ExpressVPN is renowned for its speed, global server network, and premium service across all platforms, including a surprisingly user-friendly CLI client for Linux.
Linux Client: A powerful, minimal-footprint CLI application. While lacking a full GUI, the CLI is extremely simple, essentially acting as a wrapper for the service with commands like
expressvpn connectandexpressvpn disconnect. It is compatible with a vast array of distributions.Protocol on Linux: Supports its proprietary Lightway protocol, which is open-sourced, minimizes code, and is known for maintaining near-native speeds and incredibly fast connection times.
Compatibility: Excellent compatibility across a wide range of distributions, including Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, Arch, Mint, and even Raspberry Pi (Arm).
Streaming: Consistently one of the most reliable VPNs for unblocking global streaming services on Linux, thanks to its TrustedServer (RAM-only) technology.
Verdict: Ideal for users who value premium speed and reliable streaming, but are comfortable with a simple, effective command-line interface.
4. Private Internet Access (PIA): Best Open-Source App & Customization
PIA’s commitment to the open-source community is one of its strongest selling points for the Linux user base, offering an audited, highly customizable application.
Linux Client: Features a fully open-source GUI client that is consistently maintained. This application is available for Debian, Fedora, Arch, and a generic installer for other systems. The GUI is packed with advanced options.
Customization: Offers extensive control over encryption (AES-128 vs AES-256), handshake, and data authentication algorithms, providing a level of granular control that other providers often hide.
Transparency: PIA’s no-logs policy has been tested and verified in court cases on multiple occasions, adding a layer of trust appreciated by the privacy-focused Linux community.
Server Network: Boasts one of the largest server networks in the industry, ensuring minimal congestion and high-speed connections globally. It also supports unlimited devices.
Verdict: The perfect match for the technically inclined Linux user who demands a customizable, open-source GUI and a proven, transparent privacy track record.
5. Proton VPN: Best Free Tier & Privacy Focus (Swiss Base)
Proton VPN is backed by the team behind Proton Mail and is celebrated for its uncompromising focus on privacy and a genuinely useful free tier.
Linux Client: Provides a native GUI desktop client for major Debian/RPM-based systems and a well-documented CLI. All its apps are open-source and have undergone independent security audits.
Privacy Features: Based in Switzerland (outside of the 5/9/14 Eyes). Features unique “Secure Core” servers, which route traffic through high-security data centers (Switzerland, Iceland, Sweden) before connecting to a target server.
Free Option: The free tier is one of the best available, offering unlimited data (though limited to servers in a few countries) which is a rare find in the VPN space.
Tor Over VPN: Dedicated servers that automatically route your VPN traffic over the Tor network, a powerful privacy feature integrated into the app.
Verdict: A premium option for the security purist. It’s the go-to choice for those who want an audited, open-source solution with a rock-solid privacy base and a solid GUI experience.
6. Mullvad VPN: The Anonymity Champion for Purists
Mullvad is the VPN of choice for anonymity purists, offering a unique account generation system and a commitment to privacy that is second to none.
Linux Client: Provides a native, open-source GUI client with full WireGuard and OpenVPN support across Debian, Ubuntu, Fedora, and Arch Linux.
Anonymity: You create an account by generating a random 16-digit number, with no email or personal details required. You can pay with cash or cryptocurrency, ensuring maximum anonymity from the moment you sign up.
WireGuard Integration: Mullvad was one of the earliest adopters of WireGuard and offers highly optimized implementation, making it extremely fast on Linux.
Price: Offers a single, transparent monthly price globally with no hidden long-term contracts or discounts—a refreshingly straightforward approach.
Verdict: The ultimate VPN for the security enthusiast who demands complete anonymity from sign-up to daily use.
7. CyberGhost: Best for Server Network Scale and Dedicated IPs
CyberGhost provides a massive server network and specialty servers for users with specific needs like streaming, torrenting, or dedicated IP addresses.
Linux Client: Primarily relies on an efficient, easy-to-use CLI client and provides excellent OpenVPN and WireGuard configurations for Network Manager setup on any distribution.
Server Network: Boasts one of the largest server networks in the world (over 11,000 servers in 100+ countries). Servers are categorized for streaming (unblocking specific services) and torrenting.
Dedicated IP: One of the few providers offering optional dedicated IP addresses, which can be useful for server hosting or avoiding common VPN blocks.
Guarantee: Offers an industry-leading 45-day money-back guarantee, allowing ample time for Linux users to test the service across their various devices and configurations.
Verdict: An excellent choice for users who need access to a vast number of locations or who require dedicated servers for specific tasks like high-speed P2P or streaming.
8. IPVanish: Best for Simultaneous Connections and P2P
IPVanish is a feature-rich and reliable VPN that prioritizes speed and allows you to connect an unlimited number of devices, making it great for a family or a user with multiple Linux machines.
Linux Client: Offers a dedicated CLI application that is well-maintained and includes a kill switch function, supporting the most popular distributions like Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, and Arch.
Simultaneous Connections: Provides Unlimited simultaneous connections, a huge value proposition for the multi-device Linux power user.
Speed: Consistently delivers high speeds, making it a favorite for P2P and torrenting activities across its global network.
Security: Fully owns and manages its entire server network, which theoretically adds an extra layer of security by removing third-party involvement.
Verdict: Best for users running VPNs on a high number of devices, especially those heavily involved in P2P file sharing on their Linux systems.
9. PureVPN: Best for Audited Security and Jurisdiction
PureVPN is notable for its position in a privacy-friendly jurisdiction and its commitment to transparency through a rigorous always-on audit system.
Linux Client: Provides a CLI app with support for major distributions, focusing on a clean and simple interface for connection management.
Jurisdiction and Audits: Based in the British Virgin Islands (BVI), a privacy haven. It was the first VPN to implement an “Always-On” audit policy, allowing a leading auditor to check their systems without prior notice—a high bar for transparency.
Features: Supports a wide array of protocols, including OpenVPN, IKEv2, and WireGuard, providing flexibility for different Linux setups (desktop vs. router).
Verdict: Highly recommended for users whose primary concern is verifiable, independently audited security and a safe jurisdiction.
10. PrivateVPN: Best for Global Streaming and Simple CLI
PrivateVPN is a smaller, but highly effective provider that punches above its weight when it comes to consistently unblocking global streaming content.
Linux Client: Offers a simple, functional CLI application that is easy to install and manage, focusing on stability and core functionality rather than numerous advanced options.
Streaming Reliability: It excels at bypassing VPN blocks on major streaming platforms, often outperforming larger competitors in this specific area.
High Speeds: Despite its smaller size, it uses “High Speed Network” connections, ensuring fast and buffer-free streaming and downloading on Linux.
Setup: The installation guides are straightforward, often providing detailed steps for manual OpenVPN configuration alongside the CLI app for maximum user flexibility.
Verdict: The best niche choice for Linux users whose primary use case is consistently accessing geo-restricted streaming libraries worldwide.
5. GUI vs. CLI: Decoding the Linux VPN Application
For a Linux distribution, a VPN can operate with a Graphical User Interface (GUI) or a Command Line Interface (CLI). This choice profoundly impacts the user experience and, sometimes, the feature set.
When to Choose a GUI App
A native GUI application (offered by Surfshark, PIA, and Proton VPN) provides the simplest experience, replicating the seamless functionality seen on Windows or macOS.
Pros: Easy server selection via a map, one-click connect/disconnect, simple settings management (Kill Switch, protocols), and a quick way to gauge connection status. Ideal for daily browsing and streaming.
Cons: Often less compatible with niche or community-driven distributions (like Arch or Gentoo), and relies on a graphical environment, which is not suitable for headless servers or minimal installs.
Mastering the CLI: Essential Commands
The Command Line Interface (CLI) is the traditional and often more efficient way to manage a VPN on Linux, especially for power users and those managing servers.
| VPN Provider | Setup Command (Example) | Connect Command (Example) | Status/Settings Command (Example) |
| NordVPN | nordvpn install | nordvpn connect us | nordvpn status, nordvpn set killswitch on |
| ExpressVPN | expressvpn install | expressvpn connect (auto) | expressvpn status, expressvpn preferences |
| PIA | piactl connect | piactl connect region us-east | piactl status, piactl get settings |
Expert Tip: The CLI is often necessary for advanced configuration. For instance, to check for a DNS leak on NordVPN after connecting, you can run nordvpn settings | grep dns. A truly excellent CLI is well-documented and allows scripting for automated tasks.
6. Protocol Deep Dive: WireGuard vs. OpenVPN on Linux
The choice of VPN protocol is crucial on Linux, affecting speed, stability, and system overhead.
Performance, Simplicity, and Security Trade-offs
| Protocol | Performance on Linux | Codebase & Auditability | Security Implementation |
| WireGuard | Superior Speed (Fastest), Low overhead | Minimal (approx. 4,000 lines of code), Easy to audit. | Uses modern, fixed cryptography (ChaCha20, Poly1305). Requires provider-side IP management (like NordLynx) for maximum privacy. |
| OpenVPN | Good, but Slower than WireGuard | Bulky (hundreds of thousands of lines), Complex audit. | Highly flexible, time-tested, customizable (AES-256), supports TCP for censorship evasion. |
For the average Linux user, the speed and low CPU utilization of WireGuard make it the preferred choice, especially for streaming and torrenting. However, for extreme censorship evasion (e.g., bypassing the Great Firewall), OpenVPN over TCP Port 443 remains the gold standard because it mimics regular HTTPS traffic. OpenVPN also allows for better obfuscation features.
Specific Implementations (NordLynx, Lightway)
Top VPNs have innovated on the WireGuard protocol specifically to address the privacy concerns of storing a user’s IP address until the server reboots.
NordLynx (NordVPN): NordVPN’s solution wraps WireGuard in a double Network Address Translation (NAT) system. This assigns users a temporary, unique local IP address, eliminating the need to store the user’s real IP address on the VPN server, thereby maximizing privacy while retaining WireGuard’s speed.
Lightway (ExpressVPN): ExpressVPN built Lightway from the ground up to be minimal, fast, and open-source. It uses the modern wolfSSL cryptography library. Its lean codebase makes it exceptionally fast to connect and minimizes battery drain, which is great for Linux laptops.
7. Linux Distro Compatibility and Installation Guides
A “best” Linux VPN must cater to the fragmented nature of the Linux ecosystem. We’ve compiled the easiest installation methods for the top providers across the three main package manager families.
Ubuntu/Debian (.deb packages and apt)
Most providers offer a simple one-line terminal installation for this family, which includes Ubuntu, Mint, Pop!_OS, and Debian. This is the path for full GUI support where available.
# Example: Surfshark Installation
# 1. Download the repository package (replace URL with current one)
# 2. Install the package sudo dpkg -i debian-latest.deb
# 3. Update package list and install the VPN client sudo apt update sudo apt install surfshark
# 4. Launch the GUI or CLI surfshark
Fedora/CentOS (.rpm packages and dnf/yum)
The installation process is similar but uses the Red Hat Package Manager (.rpm) for distributions like Fedora, CentOS, and RHEL:
# Example: NordVPN Installation
# 1. Download the RPM package (replace URL with current one)
# 2. Install using dnf
sudo dnf install nordvpn.rpm
# 3. Connect via CLI
nordvpn login
nordvpn connect
Arch/Manjaro (Manual or AUR Packages)
Arch Linux users, known for their preference for minimal systems, often rely on the Arch User Repository (AUR) or manual installation via the Network Manager.
AUR: The AUR is often the easiest path, but users must manually verify the package source and PGP keys for security. For example, using an AUR helper like
yay:yay -S expressvpn(or the equivalent for your chosen provider).Manual WireGuard/OpenVPN: For maximum minimalism, Arch users often prefer to manually configure the WireGuard/OpenVPN tunnel via the
network-manager-appletor configuration files, using the VPN provider’s provided key and endpoint. This gives you ultimate control but requires a more complex initial setup.
8. Advanced Linux VPN Features Explained
The Kill Switch on Linux (Application vs. System-Level)
The Kill Switch is non-negotiable for privacy. On Linux, it’s critical to distinguish between two types:
Application-Level (Basic): A script that simply shuts down the VPN client if it crashes. It does not protect against system-wide connection drops (e.g., Wi-Fi timeout, kernel panic).
System-Level (Essential): This is integrated deeply with the system’s firewall rules (like
iptablesornftables) to ensure all traffic outside the VPN tunnel is blocked the moment the tunnel connection is interrupted. The best Linux VPNs (NordVPN, ExpressVPN) implement this system-level protection, making their apps truly secure.
Split Tunneling and its Limitations
Split Tunneling allows you to route traffic from specific applications outside the VPN tunnel while the rest of your system remains protected.
Implementation: Due to how Linux handles network routing and namespaces, split tunneling is notoriously difficult to implement reliably on a system-wide level for a native app. Many providers offer this on Windows/Android but omit it for Linux.
The Workaround: The most reliable form of split tunneling on Linux is using Network Namespaces or a Linux VM (Virtual Machine). You can configure the host OS with the VPN, and a specific VM (running a browser, for instance) will bypass it, or vice versa. Alternatively, some CLI clients (like ExpressVPN) allow you to specify network devices to exclude.
DNS Leak Protection and Testing on Linux
Linux’s reliance on various DNS resolution systems (NetworkManager, systemd-resolved, resolvconf) can make it prone to leaks, where your ISP’s DNS servers are used instead of the VPN’s private ones.
Provider Solution: The top VPN clients lock down your system to exclusively use their secure DNS servers and block all others, often by hijacking the
/etc/resolv.conffile or using systemd-resolved hooks.Testing: After connecting, run a tool like
dig @[VPN's DNS IP] example.comand then use an online IP/DNS leak test to verify your DNS server location is the same as your VPN server. A reliable Linux VPN will pass this test every time.
9. Beyond the Desktop: VPN on a Linux Router (FlashRouter)
For ultimate network-wide protection, the Linux router is the final frontier. Flashing a compatible router (like an ASUS or Netgear model) with a Linux-based custom firmware, such as DD-WRT or Tomato, allows the VPN client to run directly on the router.
Benefits: Protects every device connected to the Wi-Fi network (smart TVs, gaming consoles, IoT devices) without installing individual VPN apps. This is the only way to protect devices that cannot natively run a VPN.
Installation Method: This always requires manual configuration using the VPN provider’s OpenVPN
.ovpnfiles or WireGuard configuration and SSH/CLI access to the router firmware.The Providers: Providers with the best manual configuration files and detailed tutorials (ExpressVPN, NordVPN, Proton VPN) are ideal for this advanced setup. ExpressVPN also offers a custom router firmware (for certain models) that makes management much simpler.
10. A Note on Free Linux VPNs: The Security Trade-off
While the ethos of open-source software often aligns with “free,” users must be highly cautious with free VPNs on Linux. The cost of running a secure server network is high, and if you are not paying, the product is likely you.
Proton VPN’s Exception: Proton VPN is the sole exception, offering unlimited data on its free tier without logging your activity, making it a legitimate choice for light use. This is subsidized by its paid user base.
The Risk: Most other “free” VPNs either log user data for sale to third parties (the privacy killer), implement severe data/speed caps, or introduce malware/trackers into their code. Given the security-focused nature of the Linux user base, these trade-offs are unacceptable. Never use a free VPN that does not offer an audited, transparent privacy policy.
11. Conclusion & Final Recommendation
Choosing the Best VPN for Linux requires balancing ease of use with the technical demands of the operating system. The days of solely relying on manual OpenVPN configs are over; the top providers now offer robust, custom-built clients that deliver superior speed and feature access.
Best Overall for Power Users: NordVPN remains the top choice for its unparalleled speed, security, and proven commitment to its CLI application, especially with the privacy-enhanced NordLynx protocol.
Best for Beginners and a Full GUI: Surfshark is the clear winner for its native, feature-complete graphical interface, which drastically lowers the barrier to entry for new Linux users.
Best for Transparency and Customization: Private Internet Access (PIA) is the expert choice for users who prioritize an open-source client, granular control over security settings, and a fully audited, court-tested no-logs policy.
Ultimately, the best choice is the one that offers a native, well-maintained client for your specific distribution and features a system-level Kill Switch to ensure your privacy is never compromised.
12. Methodology: How We Tested VPNs on Linux
Our rigorous testing process was conducted on three major Linux distributions: Ubuntu 22.04 (Gnome GUI), Fedora 38 (CLI and GUI), and Arch Linux (Manual WireGuard/OpenVPN).
Client Installation & Feature Check: We tested the ease of installation using the provider’s native package manager (
.deb,.rpm) or installer scripts, ensuring all advertised features (Kill Switch, Ad Blocker) were fully functional and accessible via both GUI and CLI (where applicable).Kill Switch Reliability Test: The Kill Switch was tested by forcibly terminating the VPN process (
kill -9 [process_id]) to observe if the internet connection was instantly blocked before the IP address could leak.Speed & Protocol Benchmarking: Speed tests were conducted on local servers and long-distance servers (e.g., US to Europe) using both WireGuard (or the proprietary equivalent) and OpenVPN (UDP) to calculate speed retention rates.
IP & DNS Leak Tests: Multiple tests were performed post-connection using third-party tools (e.g.,
dnsleaktest.com) and terminal commands (dig) to verify that both the IP address and all DNS requests were fully protected by the VPN tunnel.Distro Compatibility Check: We checked official documentation to verify support for niche distributions and tested the manual configuration files on a minimal Arch install.
